LIBERALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS
Both Globalization and liberalization has impacted the education mostly for better. But there are some negative impacts too. Liberlization has made the laws more flexible for other countries to do business in India. And Globalization has created a India a part of global village, though India has been always a global market. People have come to India to do business for thousands of yeras. Below the positive and negative impacts are given.
Positive Impact of Liberalization
1.
In the Indian economy, a major part is contributed by the service industry but now the education sector will become a large economic source.
2.
After liberalization constant fund will also facilitate a research-based career and give an option for the bright future of Indian teachers and students.
3.
It will expand the supply and the competition among educational institutions will ensure that they do not charge the excessive premium for education.
4.
Liberalisation offers students an option of studying near home. It also curbs brain drain which is also a nationless.
5. The Graduates with specific skills allow corporate to ensure the development of the better industry.With the liberalization policy, there is a tremendous change in educated population that implies rapid developments in technology and communications.
6. Education is continuous because it does not end with graduation so the system also keeps on changing as the nation grows and adding recent advancement.
7. Foreign higher educational institutes would create competition with the local institutes making them internationally competitive. Also, FDI in education would create new institutes and infrastructure and generate employment.
8. One country includes expertise in some subject and another country may have in some other subject so if they exchange their knowledge it benefits both the countries.
Negative Impact of Liberalization
1.
Private firms using the opportunity of liberalization to convert education into a business and take the stocky amount of fee and provide low quality of education. So, those colleges who supply education without efficient faculty
and environment, having very short future perspective.
2. FDI in any field does not have an attached objective of fulfilling social agenda of the welfare state. It is guided by profit and market. This would result in the commoditization of education. There is a shortage of funds in the higher education sector. And there are not many ways in which this investment in this sector can be increased domestically.
3. As per past observations, most foreign institutes target market by investing in technical courses for their business perspective only rather than in quality education and research which is important for creating and developing the human resource.
4. Corruption is widespread in the education system in India. Due to overkill competition, a number of colleges and Universities awarding false degrees, taking a bribe to clear the exams, and going through the unfair lane for marking. It puts a negative impact on local education institutes because they have limited capital and they have to face tough competition from reputed ones because national certificates will be less valued as compared to the world recognized certificates.
5.
Higher education is largely an unregulated market. In India, there are uninformed or simply dubious institutions who provide partnerships with low-quality colleges and universities in India. There are prestigious universities hoping to build links overseas, recruit top students to their home campuses and strengthen their brand abroad. But there is no dearth of mere sub-prime and low-end private institutions which are seeking to stave off bankruptcy through the export market and there are even a few.
Impact of Globalization on education
It is a widely defined word with several connotations to many different people. There has been a hot debate about globalization. Some people believe globalization is a dangerous phenomenon which has changed the world in negative ways. To them, globalization has brought undesirable consequences to society, affecting its peace. On the other hand, another group of people regards globalization as a fruitful phenomenon, making the world more connected and informed than ever before. They look at it as a novel source of optimism in the world. It is clear that this group see various advantages of globalization.
The impact of globalization has been both positive and negative in the sector of education.
Listed below are some points that highlight the positive and negative impacts globalization in education has led to.
1. Globalization has radically transformed the world in every aspect. But it has especially transformed the world economy which has become increasingly interconnected and inter-dependent. But it also made the world economy increasingly competitive and more knowledge-based, especially in the developed western countries
2. Global education interconnects methods of teaching from worldwide systems to encourage the international development of environmental sustainability, as well as a contribution toward fortifying global industries. These educational initiatives prioritize global access to the school from the primary to the university levels, instigating learning experiences that prepare students for multinational leadership roles.
3. As education serves as foundational to global stability, the development of multicultural awareness from an early age may integrate ideologies sourced from various societies in order to arrive at well-balanced conclusions regarding issues that surround the world as a whole. Globalization and education then come to affect one another through mutual goals of preparing young people for successful futures during which their nations will grow increasingly connected.
4. With globalization, some of the challenges for knowledge, education, and learning will provide today’s learners the ability to be more familiar and comfortable with abstract concepts and uncertain situations.
5. Information society and global economy require a holistic understanding of systems thinking, including the world system and business eco-system. Globalization uses a holistic approach to the problems. The interdisciplinary research approaches are seen as critical to achieving a more comprehensive understanding the complex reality currently facing the world system.
6. It enhances the student’s ability to manipulate symbols. Highly productive employment in today’s economy will require the learner to constantly manipulate symbols, such as political, legal and business terms, and digital money.
7. Globalization enhances the student’s ability to acquire and utilize knowledge. Globalization enhances the ability of learners to access, assess, adapt, and apply knowledge, to think independently to exercise appropriate judgment and to collaborate with others to make sense of new situations.
8. Globalization produces an increased quantity of scientifically and technically trained persons. The emerging economy is based on knowledge as a key factor of production and the industries demand the employees remain highly trained in science and technology.
9. It encourages students to work in teams. To be able to work closely in teams is the need for employees. Working in teams requires students to develop skills in-group dynamics, compromise, debate, persuasion, organization, and leadership and management skills.
10. Globalization breaks the boundaries of space and time. Using advanced information and communications technologies, a new system of knowledge, education, and learning should apply a wide range of synchronous and asynchronous activities that aid teacher and student in breaking boundaries of space and time.
11.Globalization meets the knowledge, education and learning challenges and opportunities of the Information Age. Knowledge-based businesses often complain that graduates lack the capacity to learn new skills and assimilate new knowledge. Globalization makes it easier for businesses.
12. Globalization creates and supports information technologists, policymakers, and practitioners for the purpose of rethinking education and supports mechanisms for the exchange of ideas and experiences in the use of educational technologies.
13.Globalization encourages explorations, experimentation to push the frontiers of the potential of information technologies and communications for more effective learning.
15. Global sharing of knowledge, skills, and intellectual assets that are necessary to multiple developments at different levels.
16. Mutual support, supplement and benefit to produce synergy for various developments of countries, communities, and individuals.
17. Creating values and enhancing efficiency through the above global sharing and mutual support to serving local needs and growth.
18. Promoting international understanding, collaboration, harmony, and acceptance of cultural diversity across countries and regions.
19. Facilitating communications, interactions, and encouraging multi-cultural contributions at different levels among countries.
-
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION
The potential fallback of globalization in education can be the increased technological gaps and digital divides between advanced countries and less developed countries.
1. Globalization in education may end up creating more legitimate opportunities for a few advanced countries for a new form of colonization of developing countries.
2. Just because of technology and communication seems to be creating in human life between the „haves‟ and the „have not’s‟, resulting in a bifurcated society of those who can afford such information technology and those who cannot, so too does globalization. While education institutions in Western societies are adopting the technology, less developed countries are once again left behind, very weak and fragile
to implement development programs for education. While less developed countries motivate their citizens to seek more education, severe limitations in delivering basic services are a problem. A lack of infrastructure and funding makes it difficult to implement any technological and communication development.
3. The capitalist society is gradually becoming global with a strong focus on free trade emerging. Educational institution obviously has reacted accordingly, by becoming more market-oriented, focusing their energy more on creating capitals rather than providing sufficient education for students.(Benking,1997)
4. There is some negative impact of globalization such as this process made the disparity between rural and urban Indian joblessness, the growth of slum capitals and the threat of terrorist activities. Globalization increased competition in the Indian market between the foreign companies and domestic companies. With the foreign goods being better than the Indian goods, the consumer preferred to buy the foreign goods. This reduced the amount of profit of the Indian Industry companies. This happened mainly in the pharmaceutical, manufacturing, chemical, and steel industries.
5. The Negative Effects of Globalization on Indian Industry are that with the coming of technology the number of labor required is decreased and this resulted in increasing unemployment especially in the arena of the pharmaceutical, chemical, manufacturing, and cement industries. Some section of people in India that are poor does not get the benefit of globalization. There is an increased gap between rich and poor that lead to some criminal activities. Ethical responsibility of business has been reduced. Another major negative effect of globalization in India is that youngsters of India leaving their studies very early and joining Call centers to earn fast money reducing their social life after getting habituated with monotonous work. There is an increase of every daily usable commodity. This has an adverse effect on cultural aspect. The institution of marriage is breaking down at a fast rate. There are more people approaching divorce courts instead of maintaining marital life.
6. Globalization has a considerable impact on the religious situation in India. Globalization has brought about raising a population who is agnostic and atheist. People visiting places of worship are reducing with time. Globalization has reduced nationalism and patriotism in the country.
7. It can be said that Globalization is motivating factor in the current business environment. There are few challenges for companies due to globalization such as Migration, relocation, labor shortages, competition, and changes in skills and technology. Globalization powerfully influences the social partners' attitudes since traditional labor relations have to cope with completely new and very dynamic situations. In the political field, globalization helps to eradicate poverty, malnutrition, illiteracy, ill-health and fighting cross-border terrorism and global terrorism.
8. Globalisation benefits the scheduled caste people in promoting cultural homogeneity in the way of loosening of the ideas of pollution and purity and eradication of untouchability and so many socio-cultural and economic disabilities associated with them. The globalization of goods has developed enthusiasm in India for western brand names. A consumerist mentality has been carefully fostered. This leads to an adversative impact on the tendency to save or the domestic accumulation of capital.
9. Lastly, in Indian scenario, globalization developed a consumer credit society. Today, people can buy goods and services even if they do not have sufficient purchasing power and the prospect of raising a loan has become easy in the age of globalization. Credit cards have given a boost to consumerism and pushed many households into indebtedness. At the same time, globalization has an unfavorable impact on mass-media in India. Currently, realistic coverage of events and happening doesn't receive much importance because it doesn't determine the standing of a newspaper or TV channel. Globalisation has brought a violation of journalistic ethics in India.
