The percentage of literacy of India was very low at the time of Independence, about 80 % of the people were illiterate. The Constitution makers were very much aware of the gravity of the situation. That has been an influence of the writing of the constitutional provisions to preserve, protect and promote the cultural, religious and educational interest of the people. The Articles are presented below :
1. Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on the ground
of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. The state shall not
discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth and any of them. No citizen
shall help on the ground only of
religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth or any of them be subject to any
disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard. Access to shops,
public restaurant, hotels, and places of
public entertainment. The use of roads or places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of the
state funds or dedicated to the use of the general public. Although nothing in
this article prevents the state from
making any special provision for women and children.
2. Article 21 (A) : This article provides that the state shall provide free and compulsory
education to all children of the age of 6-14 years in such manners as the state
may be
law determine.
3. Article 28: This article guarantees freedom of religion. It directs, “ that no
religious instruction shall be provided in any educational institution
recognized by the state receiving aid out of state funds, and also provides
that no person attending any educational institution shall be required to take
part in any religious instruction that may be imparted in such institution
shall be required to take part in any religious instruction that may be imparted in such institution or too
attend any religious worship unless the person wants to, or if he is a minor, there must be guardian’s consent.
4. Article 29 : This article guarantees that “ any
section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof,
having a distinct language, script or culture of its own, shall have the right to conserve the same”, and it further
declared that” no citizen shall be denied
admission into any educational institution maintained by the state or receiving
aid out of the state funds, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.”
5. Article 30 : This article declares that ,” all
minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to
establish and administer educational institutions of their choice,” and adds
that the state shall not, in granting aid to educational institutions,
discriminate against any educational institutions on the ground that it is
under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language”.
6. Article 45: Under the Directive principles of state policy states lays down- “ The
state shall endeavor to provide within a period of ten years from the commencement
of this constitution, for free and
compulsory education for all until they complete the age of fourteen years”.
7. Article 282: Article 282 of the Indian Constitution provided,” The Union or a State may make any grants for any
public purpose, notwithstanding that the purpose is not one with respect to
which Parliament or the Legislature of the State, as the case may be, may make
laws”.
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